Abstract The technological progress of the twenty-first century has brought humanity immense opportunities in communication, work, education, and socio-economic development. At the same time, the dynamic growth of digital technologies has led to the emergence of new, increasingly complex threats that significantly affect both individual perceptions of security and the functioning of entire states. Cyberspace has become one of the key domains of human activity, as confirmed by recent reports from ENISA and IBM Security. According to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, security is one of the fundamental human requirements; however, it is increasingly compromised by incidents occurring in cyberspace. The aim of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of cyber threats and their impact on individual and collective security. The article presents definitions and characteristics of cyberspace, discusses the main categories of digital threats—including those evolving alongside advances in artificial intelligence—and examines the legal and institutional aspects of cybersecurity in Poland and the European Union, highlighting key documents such as the NIS2 Directive. The analysis also addresses the human factor, emphasizing—as noted in the Verizon report—that most incidents stem from user errors. The final section discusses examples of cybercrime incidents in Poland and provides recommendations for strengthening digital resilience. This study adopts an analytical-descriptive approach and underscores that technological development, despite its numerous benefits, also entails growing risks of data loss, privacy breaches, and erosion of public trust. Awareness of threats and education in cybersecurity are essential components for ensuring stability and security in the digital world.