ARTICLES / RESEARCH PAPER
Governing Digital Ecosystems in the EU: A Coordinated Regulatory Approach
 
 
 
More details
Hide details
1
Institute for Legal Studies, ELTE Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary
 
2
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Telecommunications and Artificial Intelligence, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary
 
 
Submission date: 2025-12-07
 
 
Final revision date: 2025-12-19
 
 
Acceptance date: 2025-12-19
 
 
Publication date: 2025-12-19
 
 
Corresponding author
Kitti Mezei   

Institute for Legal Studies, ELTE Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary
 
 
dot.pl 2025;(I)
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This paper analyses the EU’s digital regulatory framework as a response to the ecosystem-based nature of digital markets, focusing on the GDPR, DSA, DMA, and AI Act. It argues that these instruments form a coordinated, human-centred regulatory model addressing market power, fundamental rights, transparency, and AI-related risks through ex ante obligations. While this approach strengthens legal coherence and global norm-setting, the paper also highlights concerns regarding regulatory rigidity, compliance burdens, and the EU’s long-term technological competitiveness.
REFERENCES (32)
1.
Matthew HINDMAN, The Internet Trap: How the Digital Economy Builds Monopolies and Undermines Democracy, ORAC Publishing, Budapest, 2023.
 
2.
Bertin MARTENS: An Economic Perspective on Data and Platform Market Power. JRC (Joint Research Centre), European Commission, 2021.
 
3.
Giovanni DE GREGORIO, Digital Constitutionalism in Europe: Reframing Rights and Powers in the Algorithmic Society. Cambridge University Press, 2022.
 
4.
Marton VARJU, ‘Technology Sovereignty and AI Regulation in the EU: Regulatory Strategy and the Paradox of Choice’, In: Marton VARJU – Kitti MEZEI (eds.): The Challenges of Artificial Intelligence for Law in Europe. 2025, pp. 65-84., and Luciano FLORIDI: The Fight for Digital Sovereignty: What It Is, and Why It Matters, Especially for the EU. Philosophy & Technology, Volume 33, Issue 3. 2020, pp. 369–378.
 
5.
European Commission (2015): A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe. COM(2015) 192 final.
 
6.
Vagelis PAPAKONSTANINOU, Paul DE HERT, The Regulation of Digital Technologies in the EU: Act-ification, GDPR Mimesis, and EU Law Brutality at Play. Routledge, London–New York, 2024.
 
7.
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation).
 
8.
Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 October 2022 on the Digital Single Market and amending Directive 2000/31/EC (Digital Services Regulation).
 
9.
Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2022 on competitive and fair markets in the digital sector and amending Directives (EU) 2019/1937 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Digital Markets Act).
 
10.
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, 168/2013/EU, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144, and amending Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Regulation on artificial intelligence).
 
11.
Europe's digital future. https://www.consilium.europa.e....
 
12.
Anu BRADFORD, The Brussels Effect: How the European Union Rules the World, Oxford University Press, 2020.
 
13.
Giovanni De GREGORIO, ‘What is digital constitutionalism? A view from Europe’, November 2022, https://www.ippi.org.il/digita....
 
14.
Sergey Yevgenievich BARYKIN et al., ‘Economics of Digital Ecosystems’, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2020, pp. 3–4. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc....
 
15.
Jacques CRÉMER, Yves-Alexandre DE MONTJOYE, Heike SCHWEITZER, Competition Policy for the Digital Era, Report for the European Commission, 2019.
 
16.
Lina M. KHAN: Amazon’s Antitrust Paradox. Yale Law Journal, Vol. 126, No. 3, 2017, pp. 710–805.
 
17.
Martin KENNEY, John ZYSMAN: The Platform Economy: Restructuring the Space of Capitalist Accumulation. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2020, pp. 55–76.
 
18.
Geoffrey G. Parker, Marshall W. VAN ALYSTYNE, Sangeet Paul CHOUDARY, Platform Revolution: How Networked Markets Are Transforming the Economy and How to Make Them Work for You. New York, W.W. Norton, 2016.
 
19.
András PÜNKÖSTY: ‘Where is European platform regulation headed? – An overview of the legal incentives for platform regulation and possible developments in merger control’, In Bernát TÖRÖK – Zsolt ZŐDI (eds.): The Age of Internet Platforms. Ludovika University Press, Budapest, 2022. p. 175.
 
20.
Natali Helberger – João Quaintas, The Digital Services Act and the Digital Constitution of Europe. Journal of Media Law, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2021. pp. 1–20.
 
21.
Philipp HACKER – Johann CORDES – Janina ROCHON, Regulating Gatekeeper Artificial Intelligence and Data: Transparency, Access and Fairness under the Digital Markets Act, the General Data Protection Regulation and Beyond, European Journal of Risk Regulation, 2024/15(1), pp. 49–86.
 
22.
Zsolt ZŐDI: Platform Law. Ludovika University Press, 2023.
 
23.
Kelemen Bence KIS , Balázs HOHMANN, “Is There Anything New Under the Sun? A Glance at the Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act from the Perspective of Digitalisation in the EU”, Croatian Yearbook of European Law and Policy. Vol. 19, No. 1. https://doi.org/10.3935/cyelp.....
 
24.
Gergely GOSZTONYI, Ewa Galewska, Andrej Školkay, “Challenges of Monitoring Obligations in the European Union's Digital Services Act.”, ELTE Law Journal. 2024/1. https://doi.org/10.54148/ELTEL...,.
 
25.
András TÓTH: European regulation of online platforms. In Medias Res. 2022/ 2.,.
 
26.
Klára GELLÉN, The modern business marketplace – Regulation of online platforms in the European Union. Economy and Law, 2020/11-12. pp. 16-19.
 
27.
Martin HUSOVEC, Josef DREXL: Digital Services Act: Towards a More Transparent Digital Future? Journal of European Consumer and Market Law, Vol. 12, Issue 5, 2023, pp.190–197.,.
 
28.
Michael Veale – Frederik ZUIDERVEEN BORGESIUS, Demystifying the Draft EU Artificial Intelligence Act – Analysing the good, the bad, and the unclear elements of the proposed approach. Computer Law Review International, 22(4), 2021, pp. 97–112.
 
29.
Zsolt ZŐDI: The unsolvable dilemmas of platform regulation. In: Bernát TÖRÖK – Zsolt ZŐDI (eds.): Digitalisation in society – Studies on the social and legal impacts of new technologies. Budapest, Ludovika University Press, 2023. p. 81.
 
30.
Philipp HACKER, Justus ROCHON, Regulating High-Risk AI under the AI Act – Risk Regulation, Compliance and Liability. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 13(2), 2022, pp. 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.20....
 
31.
Klejda PRIFTI et al., Regulation by Design: Features, Practices, Limitations, and Governance Implications. Minds & Machines, Vol. 34, 2024/1, p. 13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023....
 
32.
William ECHIKSON, ’Trump, tech and transatlantic Turbulence’ European view Vol. 24. Issue 1. 2025.
 
ISSN:2957-2150
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top